Zoning & Development Potential: How to Research Building Restrictions, ADU Opportunities, and Future Value

Zoning determines what you can build, how you can use the property, and future development potential. Critical research before purchase: (1) Zoning district classification (residential, commercial, mixed-use), (2) Dimensional requirements (setbacks, height limits, lot coverage, FAR), (3) Allowed uses (single-family, multi-family, home business, short-term rentals), (4) ADU/in-law apartment eligibility, (5) Subdivision potential, (6) Historic district restrictions, (7) Wetlands/conservation buffers, (8) MBTA Communities compliance. Zoning violations discovered after purchase cost $5,000-$50,000+ to remedy or prevent intended use. ADU-eligible properties command 10-15% premium. Properties in MBTA Communities multi-family overlay zones may have significant upzoning value (ability to subdivide or build multi-unit).

All buyers planning renovations/additions, buyers interested in ADU income potential, investors evaluating development opportunities, buyers of older homes (may have non-conforming uses), anyone planning home business, buyers in MBTA Communities zones.

• •Zoning maps available online via town GIS systems; zoning bylaws available via town clerk or website
• •Key restrictions: setbacks (typically 10-30 feet), lot coverage (max 25-35%), FAR (0.35-0.50 common), height (2.5-3 stories)
• •ADU legalization: Many MA towns now allow by-right; adds $800-$1,500/month rental income potential
• •Non-conforming structures: Grandfathered but restrictions on expansions; any substantial renovation may trigger code compliance
• •MBTA Communities law: 175 towns must allow multi-family housing near transit; creates development upside for some properties
• •Wetlands buffers: 50-200 feet from wetlands = no/limited building; requires professional wetlands survey
• •Historic districts: Exterior changes require approval; can delay/prevent renovations